Micheal Abimbola Oladosu1, Moses Adondua Abah2, Francis Tersoo Akusa3, Mary Abimbola Oluwajembola4, Joseph Ezeani5, Allwell Chinedum Ihejirika6, Ruth Oyiza John7, Ayodeji Babatunde Bankole8, and Olaide Ayokunmi Oladosu9

 1,4,7,8Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Anchor University, Ayobo, Ipaja, Lagos, Nigeria

2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University of Wukari, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria

3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

5Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, USA.

6Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna State, Nigeria

9Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Babcock University,

Ilishan, Nigeria

() Corresponding Author

Received: Apr 29, 2026/ Revised: May 28 2026/Accepted: June 2, 2026

Highlights

  • Reviews recent advances in energy efficiency technologies and smart energy systems.
  • Evaluates the role of smart grids and automation in reducing carbon emissions.
  • Highlights AI-driven energy optimization for improved operational efficiency.
  • Explores renewable energy integration within intelligent energy management systems.
  • Discusses opportunities and challenges for achieving global decarbonization goals.

Abstract

The escalating global energy demand and mounting environmental concerns necessitate immediate interventions to reduce carbon emissions. Smart energy systems have emerged as promising solutions, analogous to targeted therapeutic interventions in medicine, offering precision and efficacy in energy management. This review examines recent advances in energy efficiency technologies and smart energy systems (2020-2025), evaluating their mechanisms, efficacy, and potential to reduce global carbon emissions. A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature published between 2020-2025 was conducted using established databases. Studies were selected based on methodological rigor, relevance to energy efficiency technologies, and demonstrated carbon reduction outcomes. Smart energy technologies demonstrate significant potential for carbon reduction, with smart grids showing 15-30% efficiency improvements, building automation systems achieving 20-40% energy savings, and artificial intelligence-driven optimization delivering 10-25% consumption reductions. Integration of renewable energy sources with smart systems enhances overall system efficacy by 25-45%. Energy efficiency technologies represent a critical intervention strategy for global carbon reduction. Like pharmaceutical interventions requiring proper dosing and monitoring, these technologies necessitate careful implementation, continuous optimization, and policy support to achieve maximum therapeutic effect on climate change.

Keywords: Energy efficiency; Smart energy systems; Carbon footprint; Building automation; Smart grids; Artificial intelligence

How to cite this article

Oladosu, M. A., Abah, M. A., Akusa, F. T., Oluwajembola, M. A., Ezeani, J., Ihejirika, A. C., John, R. O., Bankole, A. B., & Oladosu, O. A. (2026). Advances in energy efficiency technologies: Reducing global carbon footprint through smart energy systems: A review. Science Archives, 7(2), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.47587/SA.2026.7208

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License


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