Zainab Hasan Majeed
and Ahmed Hamad Saleh
1-Biology Department., College of Education for Pure Science, Kirkuk University, Iraq
2-Biology Department., College of Science, Kirkuk University, Iraq
3-Medical Laboratory Department., College of Al-Qalam/ Iraq
Zaiynab.hassan@uokirkuk.edu.iq
Article History: Received: Nov 30, 2020 / Revised: Dec 19, 2020/ Accepted: Dec 29, 2020
Abstract
Coronavirus has led to the infection of respiratory inclusive coughing, sneezing, cold conditions, and pneumonia disease, while in animals Coronavirus leads to diarrhea conditions and diseases of the respiratory system. COVID-19 has transfer man to other man or man to animal through droplets of airborne. This review was done to explain the epidemiology, pathophysiology conditions, prognosis, and future perspective of COVID-19. The infection of Human coronavirus (HCoV) leads to diseases of the respiratory system. HCoV spreads faster than SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV but has a lower death percent.
Keywords COVID-19, Virus-Host Interactions, SARS-CoV, Pathogenesis
How to cite this article
Majeed, Z. H., Saleh, A. H., (2020). A new human Coronavirus: A Review. Science Archives, 1 (3), 155-159. http://dx.doi.org/10.47587/SA.2020.1313
Crossref DOI
http://dx.doi.org/10.47587/SA.2020.1313
References
Ai, T., Yang, Z., Hou, H., Zhan, C., Chen, C., Lv, W., Tao, Q., Sun, Z. and Xia, L. (2020). Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A report of 1014 cases. Radiology.
Alaska department of Health and Social services. (2020). Human Coronaviruses
Bai, H. X., Hsieh, B., Xiong, Z., Halsey, K., Choi, J.W., Tran, T. M. L., Pan, I., Shi, L. B., Wang, D. C., and Mei, J. (2020). Performance of radiologists in differentiating COVID-19 from viral pneumonia on chest CT. Radiology.
Chan, K. W., Wong, V. T., and Tang, S. C. W. (2020). COVID-19: An update on the epidemiological, clinical, preventive and therapeutic evidence and guidelines of integrative Chinese-Western medicine for the management of 2019 novel coronavirus disease. Am. J. Chin. Med. 13: 1–26.
Chen, H., Guo, J., and Wang, C. (2020). Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet.
Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet.
Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Qiu, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Y., and Wei, Y. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet.
Cheng, Z. J., and Shan, J. (2020). 2019 novel coronavirus: where we are and what we know. Infection. 2020:1–9.
Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine. (2020). Respiratory rehabilitation committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine. Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation group of Chinese society of physicai medicine and rehabilitation. 43, E029.
Colson, P., Rolain, J-M., and Raoult, D. (2020). Chloroquine for the 2019 novel coronavirus SARSCoV-2. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 105923.
de Souza Luna, L.K., Heiser, V., Regamey, N., Panning, M., Drexler, J. F., and Mulangu, S. (2007). Generic detection of coronaviruses and differentiation at the prototype strain level by reverse transcription–PCR and non-fluorescent low-density microarray. J ClinMicrobiol.45:1049–52.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2020). Health emergency preparedness for imported cases of highconsequence infectious diseases 2019.
Gray, R. (2020). Covid-19: How long does the coronavirus last on surfaces.
Hafeez, A., Ahmad, S., Siddqui, S. A., Ahmad, M., & Mishra, S. (2019). A Review of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) Diagnosis, Treatments and Prevention.
Hamming, I., Timens, W., Bulthuis, M. L., Lely, A. T., Navis, G., and van Goor, H. (2004). Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 203(2):631–7
He, F., Yu, D., and Weina, L. (2019). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): What we know?.J. Med. Viro.
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y. (2020).Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet.
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., and Gu, X. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet.
Kampf, G., Todt, D., Pfaender, S., and Steinmann, E. (2020). Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and its inactivation with biocidal agents. J Hosp Infect. S0195–6701(20)30046–3
Lagier, J. C., Colson, P., TissotDupont, H., Salomon, J., Doudier, B., Aubry, C., Gouriet, F., Baron, S., Dudouet, P., Flores, R. (2020). Testing the repatriated for SARS-Cov2: Should laboratory-based quarantine replace traditional quarantine? Travel Med. Infect. Dis.
Letko, M., and Munster, V. (2020). Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for lineage B β-coronaviruses, including 2019- nCoV. bioRxiv. 22. 915660.
Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Ren, R., Leung, K. S. M., Lau, E. H. Y., and Wong, J.Y. (2020). Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. The New England J. Med.
Li, Y., and Xia, L. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Role of chest CT in diagnosis and management. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 1–7.
Lim, J., Jeon, S., Shin, H.Y., Kim, M. J., Seong, Y. M., Lee, W. J., Choe, K.W., Kang, Y. M., Lee, B. and Park, S. J. (2020). Case of the index patient who caused tertiary transmission of COVID-19 infection in Korea: The application of lopinavir/ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19 infected pneumonia monitored by quantitative RT-PCR. J. Korean Med. Sci. 35.
Ling, Y., Xu, S. B., Lin, Y. X., Tian, D., Zhu Z. Q., Dai, F. H., Wu, F., Song, Z. G., Huang, W., and Chen, J. (2020). Persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease rehabilitation patients. Chin. Med. J.
Lippi, G., Simundic, A. M., and Plebani, M. (2020). Potential preanalytical and analytical vulnerabilities in the laboratory diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clin. Chem. Lab. Med.
Loeffelholz, M. J., and Tang, Y. W. (2020). Laboratory diagnosis of emerging human coronavirus infections–The state of the art. Emerg. Microbes Infect. 9, 747–756
Rothe, C., Schunk, M., and Sothmann, P. (2020). Transmission of 2019- nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. N Engl J Med.
Russell, C. D., Millar, J. E., and Baillie, J. K. (2020). Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury. Lancet 395: 473-475
Sahin, A. R., Erdogan, A., MutluAgaoglu, P., Dineri, Y., Cakirci, A. Y., and Senel, M. E. (2020). 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Review of the Current Literature. EJMO. 4(1):1-7.
Savarino, A., Boelaert, J. R., Cassone, A., Majori, G., and Cauda, R. (2003). Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today’s diseases? Lancet Infect Dis. 3:722–7.
Smits, S. L., deLang, A., van den Brand, J. M., Leijten, L. M., van IWF, and Eijkemans, M. J. (2010). Exacerbated innate host response to SARS-CoV in aged non-human primates. PLoSPathog6(2):e1000756.
Unhale, S. S., Quazi, B. A., Shubham, S., Suraj, T., Shreya, W., Rohit, B., Suraj, S., and Biyani, K. R. (2020).A review on corona virus (COVID-19). Wjpls. 6(4): 109-115.
Won, J., Lee, S., Park, M., Kim, T.Y., Park, M. G., Choi, B. Y., Kim, D., Chang, H., Kim, V. N., and Lee, C. J. (2020). Development of a laboratory-safe and low-cost detection protocol for SARS- CoV-2 of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Exp. Neurobiol.
Wong, C. K., Lam, C. W., Wu, A. K., Ip, W. K., Lee, N. L., and Chan, I. H. (2004). Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome. ClinExpImmunol.136(1):95–103.
Woo, P. C., Lau, S. K., Huang, Y., and Yuen, K. Y. (2009). Coronavirus diversity, phylogeny and interspecies jumping. ExpBiol Med. 234:1117–27.
World Health Organization Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Technical Guidance: Laboratory Testing for 2019-nCoV in Humans.
World Health Organization. (2020). Situation reports. Available at: https:// www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/ situation-reports.
Xu, X. W., Wu, X. X., and Jiang, X. G. (2020). Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series. BMJ.368: m606
Yin, Y., and Wunderink, R. G. (2018). MERS, SARS and other coronaviruses as causes of pneumonia. J. Resp. 2(2): 130-137.
Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Huang, B., Shi, W., and Lu, R. (2020). A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. The New England J. Med.
Zou, L., Ruan, F., and Huang, M. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients. N Engl J Med
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
