Fouad K. Mashee Al-Ramahi
Remote Sensing Research Unit, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq
phdfouad59@gmail.com; Msfouad59@yahoo.com
Received: Nov 13, 2021 / Revised: Dec 28, 2021/ Accepted: Jan 5, 2022
Abstract
The purpose of the research is to study the phenomenon of the increasing spread of the drug trade and its control in order to protect against its spread and increase its trade in Baghdad, through the use of remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems programs and measuring the extent of the development of this phenomenon to reduce and control it and predict its spatial spread within the geographical space and the city of Baghdad and the population density of the number of traffickers In the case of weak measures to prevent and combat organized crime, and to produce maps of the distribution of this crime in order to limit its spread and take the necessary measures to control it, this issue has been addressed through GIS version 4.01, as one of the tools that helps decision makers to take appropriate decisions in the right time. The areas in which the activity of drug dealers will spread and according to the ratio between the numbers of drug dealers to the population of Baghdad, which is 8500 million, was reached. The highest value was from 119 to 202 in the areas of Dora, Bab Al-Sharqi, Bab Al-Muadham, Al-Shaab and Al-Husseiniya areas. As for the rest of the areas, they varied with less severity, ranging in value from 12.1 to 118. As for the ratio between the areas registered with the activity of drug dealers to the area of the city of Baghdad. Our study predicted the highest value from 13.46 to 23.07, the expected areas were Al-Sadr City, New Baghdad and Bab Al-Muadham, while the rest of the values ranged between 1.413 to 13.45, and they are subject to several factors for reasons of spread or not according to the programs set to reduce drug trafficking.
Keywords Crystal drug trade, Geographic locations of gangs, Remote sensing techniques, Geographic information system, Prediction maps
How to cite this article
Fouad K. Mashee Al-Ramahi (2022). Analysis of the spread of drug trafficking crime (crystal trade) in the Baghdad city for the period of 2020 using remote sensing techniques. Science Archives, Vol. 3 (1), 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47587/SA.2022.3102
References
Adnan, A. Z. (2020). Drug smuggling, abuse on the rise in Iraq. Al-MONITOR, Web Page, The pulse of the middle east, topics covered.
Al Naqeeb, Neran A., Mashee, Fouad, K., Al Hassany, Jinan S. (2020). Estimation the Factors Affecting on Growth of Algae in Um El-NAAJ Lake By Using Remote Sensing Techniques. Periódico Tchê Química, 17(n°35), 227-238.
Ali, K. M. A., Fouad, K. M. Al Ramahi, & Abdul-Rahman B. A. (2019). Evaluation of impact of vegetation decrease on precipitation rates in Baghdad City using remote sensing technique. Eco. Env. & Cons, 25 (November Suppl. Issue), S48-S54.
Ali, K. M. A., & Fouad, K. M. Al Ramahi. (2020). A study of the Effect of Urbanization on Annual Evaporation Rates in Baghdad City Using Remote Sensing. Iraqi Journal of Science, 61(8), 2142-2149.
Alissa, J. R, (2019). Iraq Faces a New Adversary: Crystal Meth. The new York Time Journal, Web Page, Topics Covered.
Bel, Trew, (2021). Breaking Baghdad: How Iraq’s crystal meth epidemic is ravaging the nation. Independent Journal, Web Page; Topics Covered.
Blum, K., Werner, T., Carnes, S., Carnes, P., Bowirrat, A., Giordano, J., Oscar-Berman, M., & Gold, M. (2012). Sex, drugs, and rock ‘n’ roll: hypothesizing common mesolimbic activation as a function of reward gene polymorphisms. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 44(1), 38–55. doi:10.1080/02791072.2012.662112.
Caron, S., (2021). Understanding Substance Addiction, www.caron.org, Retrieved 25-2-2021.
Crystal, R. (2020). Types of Addiction and How They’re Treated, www.healthline.com, Retrieved 25-2-2021.
Fouad K. M. (2018). Monitoring Al-Hammar Marsh Topography and Climatic Applied Satellied MODIS Imagery. Indian Journal of Natural Sciences, 8(Issue 47), 13705-13714.
Fouad, K. M. & Gheidaa, S. H. (2017). Study the Wet Region in Anbar Province by Use Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) Techniques. Iraqi Journal of Science, 58(Issue.3A), 1333-1344. DOI: 10.24996/ijs.2017.58.3A. 18.
Fouad, K. M. (2015). Monitoring Terrorist Operation on Baghdad Using Spatial Analysis of GIS Applications. PHD in Physics, College of Science, University Of Baghdad, Iraq.
Fouad, K. M. (2017). Estimation the blast wave pressure effecters by apply Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Iraqi Journal of Physics, 15(34), 87-9.
Fouad, K. M. Al Ramahi, & Zina, K. I. Al Bahadly. (2020). The Spatial Analysis for Bassia eriophora (Schrad.) Asch. Plant Distributed in all IRAQ by Using RS & GIS Techniques. Baghdad Science Journal, 17(1), 126-135.
Fouad, K. M. Al Ramahi, Mazin, S. J. & Muaid, J. R. (2020). To study climatic factors effect on Land Covers (LC) for Salah Aldeen region by using remote sensing data. Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 26(1), 446-453.
Fouad, K. M. Al Ramahi, Muaid, J. R., & Mazin, S. J. (2020). The determination of radon gas concenetration distributed North of Baghdad Governorate: spatial analysis by applying remote Sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Eco. Env. & Cons. 26(3), 26(3), 987-993.
Fouad, K. M. Al- Ramahi. (2020). Spatial Analysis of Radon Gas Concentration Distributed at Baghdad City Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Techniques. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 51(Special Issue), 21-32.
Fouad, K. M. Al Ramahi1, & Zina, K. I. Al Bahadly. (2017). Estimation of Suaeda aegyptiaca Plant distribution regions at Iraq using RS & GIS Applications. Iraqi Journal of Science, 58(Issue. 2A), 767-777. DOI:10.24996.ijs.2017.58.2A.20.
Fouad, K. M. Al Ramahie. (2012). Spectrally Comparison Beetween TM 5 & ETM +7 Bands”, Iraqi Journal of Science. Iraqi Journal of Science, 53(2), 454-464.
Grant, J. E., Potenza, M. N., Weinstein, A., & Gorelick. D. A. (2010). Introduction to behavioral addictions. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse, 36(5), 233–241. doi:10.3109/00952990.2010.491884.
Hyman, S. E., Malenka, R. C. & Nestler, E. J. (2006). Neural mechanisms of addiction: the role of reward-related learning and memory. (PDF). Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 29, 565–598. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113009.
Jasim, M. S., & Fouad K. M. (2020. Monitoring and calculating the carbon emissions in Baghdad and its effect on increasing temperatures from 2003-2018 using remote sensing techniques data. Periódico Tchê Química,; 17(n°37), 117-128.
Jeremy, T. (1999). The Use of Computerized Crime Mapping by Law Enforcement: Survey Results. National Institute of Justice, Mapping Research Center. https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2020/11/iraq-security-drug-crystal-iran.html#ixzz772HQ6DWF
Justin, N., & Asher, M. (2011). Drugs bought with virtual cash. The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media, Retrieved 5 November 2011.
Kuss, D. (2013). Internet gaming addiction: current perspectives. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 6(6), 125–137. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S39476.
Lwin, K. K. (2008). Fundamentals of Remote Sensing Technology and its Applications in Geographical Information Systems. Department of Spatial Information Science, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
Mara, T. (2018), “What Is Addiction?”، www.healthline.com, Retrieved 25-2-2021.
Mayo, C. S. (2017). Drug addiction (substance use disorder), www.mayoclinic.org, Retrieved 25-2-2021.
Muaid, R. & Fouad, K. M. Al-Ramahi. (2021). Detection of the Impact of Climate Change on Desertification and Sand Dunes Formation East of the Tigris River in Salah Al-Din Governorate Using Remote Sensing Techniques. Iraqi Geological Journal, 54(1A), 13-23.
Mulvey, E. (2020). Senior advisor of the ‘Silk Road’ website pleads guilty in Manhattan Federal Court. Drug Enforcement Administration press release, (Retrieved 10 July 2020).
Nesif, A., Jawad, A., Albert, H., & Richard, A. R. (2014). Drug and Alcohol Use in Iraq: Findings of the Inaugural Iraqi Community Epidemiological Workgroup. PMC Laps, 49(13), 1759–1763. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2014.913633
Ratcliffe, J. H. (2004). Geocoding crime and a first estimate of a minimum acceptable hit rate. Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci, 18, 61–72.
Rinde, M. (2018). Opioids’ Devastating Return. Distillatons, 4(2), 12–23. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
Rita, Z. (2017). Silk Road. The market beyond the reach of the state, UTIS, 33(1), 1-12.
Roncek, D. W., Maier, P. A. (1991). Bars blocks and crime revisited: Linking the theory of routine activities to the empiricism of hot spots. Criminology, 29, 725–753.
Saleh, M. A., & Fouad, K. M. (2013). Monitoring Terrorist Operation in Kadhimiya District Center of Baghdad using RS and GIS Applications. IJSR, 3(11), 1357-1367.
Taif, A. D., Ebtesam, F. K., & Fouad, K. M. (2020). Detection Agriculture Degradation for the South of Baghdad City Using Remote Sensing Data for Years 2010-2019. MINAR International Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 2(4), 57-66.
Traci, C. (2009). Progress in Mexico drug war is drenched in blood. Associated Press, Retrieved May 4, 2010.
“Transform”. TDPF. Archived from the original on 2011-11-07. Retrieved 2011-11-26.
Younis, M. N. Al Fahdawi, Fouad, K. M. Al Ramahi & Ahmed, S. H. Alfalahi. (2021). Measurement Albedo Coefficient for Land Cover (LC) and Land Use (LU), Using Remote Sensing Techniques, A Study Case: Fallujah City. J. Phy. Conf. Ser. 1829 012003. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1829/1/012003.
Yu, S. Z. L, Shen, Q. & Bai, X., Di, X. (2015). Recent advances in methamphetamine neurotoxicity mechanisms and its molecular pathophysiology. Behave. Neurol. 103969. doi:10.1155/2015/103969.
Zhiling, Z., Huijun, W. & Federico d. U. (2017). Definition of Substance and Non-substance Addiction. www.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, Retrieved 25-2-2021.
Licence Article Metadata
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
