Suhad Tariq, Nihad Abdul-Hussain Jafar and Halah abdulkhaliq awadh
College of Science, Biology/Microbiology, Tikrit University, Iraq
Received: May 7, 2022/ Revised: June 13, 2022 / Accepted: June 17, 2022
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death and morbidity in newborns, especially those with very low birth weight and premature babies. The aim of our study diagnoses bacterial neonatal septicemia by direct techniques and some immunological biomarkers. The present study would include 75 neonates with clinically suspected neonatal sepsis and 50 healthy controls. Interleukin -6 levels of the blood were significantly higher in the suspected neonatal septicemia group compared with the control group. A significant increase in IL-6 levels in the blood can be used to make diagnose sepsis early.
Keywords Morbidity, Bacterial neonatal septicemia, Immunological biomarkers, IL-6 level
References
Edwards, M. S., & Baker, C. J. (2004). Sepsis in the newborn. Krugman’s infectious diseases of children. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby, 545.
Wayne, P. A. (2011). Clinical and laboratory standards institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Cortese, F., Scicchitano, P., Gesualdo, M., Filaninno, A., De Giorgi, E., Schettini, F. & Ciccone, M. M. (2016). Early and late infections in newborns: where do we stand? A review. Pediatrics & Neonatology, 57(4), 265-273.
Dark, P., Wilson, C., Blackwood, B., McAuley, D., Perkins, G. (2012). Accuracy of Light Cycler Septi Fast for the detection and identification of pathogens in the blood of patients with suspected sepsis: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open, e000392.
Faridi, M. M., Gupta, P. I. Y. U. S. H., & Bhargava, S. K. (1992). Chest radiographs in neonatal septicemia. Indian pediatrics, 29(7), 871-874.
Hotoura, E., Giapros, V., Kostoula, A., Spyrou, P., & Andronikou, S. (2012). Pre-inflammatory mediators and lymphocyte subpopulations in preterm neonates with sepsis. Inflammation, 35(3), 1094-1101.
Magudumana, O., Ballot, D. E., Cooper, P. A., Trusler, J., Cory, B. J., Viljoen, E., & Carter, A. C. (2000). Serial interleukin 6 measurements in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Journal of tropical pediatrics, 46(5), 267-271.
Meem, M., Modak, J. K., Mortuza, R., Morshed, M., Islam, M. S., & Saha, S. K. (2011). Biomarkers for diagnosis of neonatal infections: A systematic analysis of their potential as a point-of-care diagnostics. Journal of global health, 1(2), 201.
Movahedian, A. H., Moniri, R., & Mosayebi, Z. (2006). Bacterial culture of neonatal sepsis. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 35(4), 84-89.
Santana, C., Guindeo, M. C., Gonzalez, G., García‐Muñoz, F., Saavedra, P., & Doménech, E. (2001). Cord blood levels of cytokines as predictors of early neonatal sepsis. Acta paediatrica, 90(10), 1176-1181.
Schuetz, P., Christ-Crain, M., & Muller, B. (2008). Procalcitonin and other biomarkers for the assessment of disease severity and guidance of treatment in bacterial infections. Advances in Sepsis, 6(3), 82-89.
Shah, B. A., & Padbury, J. F. (2014). Neonatal sepsis: an old problem with new insights. Virulence, 5(1), 170-178.
Shah, G. S., Budhathoki, S., Das, B. K., & Mandal, R. N. (2006). Risk factors in early neonatal sepsis. Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ), 4(2), 187-191.
Sherman, M. P. (2010). New concepts of microbial translocation in the neonatal intestine: mechanisms and prevention. Clinics in perinatology, 37(3), 565-579.
Shim, G. H., Kim, S. D., Kim, H. S., Kim, E. S., Lee, H. J., Lee, J. A., … & Choi, J. H. (2011). Trends in epidemiology of neonatal sepsis in a tertiary center in Korea: a 26-year longitudinal analysis, 1980-2005. Journal of Korean medical science, 26(2), 284-289.
Silveira, R. C., & Procianoy, R. S. (1999). Evaluation of interleukin‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Acta paediatrica, 88(6), 647-650.
Sonawane, V. B., Mehkarkar, N. S., Jadhav, P. B., Gaikwad, S. U., & Kadam, N. N. (2015). Study of interleukin-6 levels in early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.
Thilo, E. H., Rosenberg, A. A. (1990). Infections of the Newborn. Current Pediatric Diagnosis and Treatment, 14th edition.
Waseem, R., Khan, M., Izhar, T. S., Qureshi, A. W. (2005). Neonatal sepsis. Professional Med J. 2:451–6.
Wójkowska-Mach, J., Gulczyńska, E., Nowiczewski, M., Borszewska-Kornacka, M., Domańska, J., Merritt, T. A., & Heczko, P. B. (2014). Late-onset bloodstream infections of Very-Low-Birth-Weight infants: data from the Polish Neonatology Surveillance Network in 2009–2011. BMC Infectious Diseases, 14(1), 1-8.
Døllner, H., Vatten, L., & Austgulen, R. (2001). Early diagnostic markers for neonatal sepsis: comparing C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors and soluble adhesion molecules. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 54(12), 1251-1257.
Shabuj, K. H., Hossain, J., Moni, S. C., & Dey, S. K. (2017). C-reactive protein (CRP) as a single biomarker for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Mymensingh Med J, 26(2), 364-371.
Arani, M. H., Movahedian, A., Arani, M. G., Adinah, M., & Mosayebi, Z. (2013). Predictive value of Interleukin-6 (IL6) in term neonates with early sepsis during 2010-2011. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 6(10).
Arnon, S., Litmanovitz, I., Regev, R. H., Bauer, S., Shainkin-Kestenbaum, R., & Dolfin, T. (2007). Serum amyloid A: an early and accurate marker of neonatal early-onset sepsis. Journal of Perinatology, 27(5), 297-302.
Berger, S. A., Battat, A., Halperin, E., Stein, J., & Dan, M. (1987). Comparison of an agar slide blood culture device with Bactec 6B® for the detection of bacteremia. American journal of clinical pathology, 87(2), 272-275.
Bhargav, S. K., Gupta, A., Bhargav, M. (1977). Bacterial Infections in new-born. Newer Devel Pediatr Res.1:11.
Boskabadi, H., Maamouri, G., Ghayour-Mobarhan, M., & Shakeri, M. T. (2010). Serum interleukin 8 level as a diagnostic marker in late neonatal sepsis. Iranian journal of pediatrics, 20(1), 41.
Dagnew, M., Yismaw, G., Gizachew, M., Gadisa, A., Abebe, T., Tadesse, T. & Mathewos, B. (2013). Bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in septicemia suspected patients attending Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC research notes, 6(1), 1-7.
Cetinkaya, M., Özkan, H., Köksal, N., Celebi, S., & Hacımustafaoğlu, M. (2009). Comparison of serum amyloid A concentrations with those of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in diagnosis and follow-up of neonatal sepsis in premature infants. Journal of Perinatology, 29(3), 225-231.
Fan, Y., & Yu, J. L. (2012). Umbilical blood biomarkers for predicting early-onset neonatal sepsis. World Journal of Pediatrics, 8(2), 101-108.
Rosenthal, V. D., Bijie, H., Maki, D. G., Mehta, Y., Apisarnthanarak, A., Medeiros, E. A., & Jayatilleke, K. (2012). International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 36 countries, for 2004-2009. American journal of infection control, 40(5), 396-407.
Khassawneh, M., Hayajneh, W. A., Kofahi, H., Khader, Y., Amarin, Z., & Daoud, A. (2007). Diagnostic markers for neonatal sepsis: comparing C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6 and immunoglobulin M. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 65(2), 171-175.
Maamouri, G. H., Boskabadi, H., Tavakkol Afshari, J., & Shakeri, M. T. (2006). Evaluation of quantitative IL6 in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. J Mashhad Univ Med Sci, 49(93), 253-6.
Manucha, V., Rusia, U., Sikka, M., Faridi, M. M. A., & Madan, N. (2002). Utility of haematological parameters and C‐reactive protein in the detection of neonatal sepsis. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 38(5), 459-464.
Mir, F., Aman, S., & Khan, S. R. (1987). Neonatal sepsis: a review with a study of 50 cases. Journal of tropical pediatrics, 33(3), 131-135.
Pierrakos, C., & Vincent, J. L. (2010). Sepsis biomarkers: a review. Critical care, 14(1), 1-18.
Stoll, B. J., & Hansen, N. (2003, August). Infections in VLBW infants: studies from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. In Seminars in perinatology (Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 293-301). WB Saunders.
Verboon-Maciolek, M. A., Thijsen, S. F., Hemels, M. A., Menses, M., van Loon, A. M., Krediet, T. G. & Rijkers, G. T. (2006). Inflammatory mediators for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis in early infancy. Pediatric research, 59(3), 457-461.
How to cite this article
Tariq, S., Jafar, N. A. and Awadh H.A. (2022). Interleukin-6 as an early marker for the diagnosis neonatal septicemia. Science Archives, Vol. 3 (2), 133–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.47587/SA.2022.3209
Licence Article Metadata
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
