Diptendu Sarkar✉ 
and Sk Murtaj Ahamed
Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math,
Howrah, Pin-711202, West Bengal, India
Received: Apr 7, 2023/ Revised: May 3, 2023/ Accepted: May 5, 2023
(✉) Corresponding Author: diptendu81@gmail.com
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing process where ECM accumulation occurs in the liver. It mainly occurs by inducing a variety of hepatotoxic agents, lipid decomposition, drugs, alcohol consumption, viruses, and autoimmune reactions. Among various processes, liver transplantation is the best way of treatment for patients in critical conditions. This transplantation process has various limitations. So, another mechanism is discovered, the name is cell-based therapy. Cell therapy using stem cells (from various sources) is an alternative approach for treating liver fibrosis. Transplanted mesenchymal stem cells could be a replacement for damaged hepatocytes. And it has the capacity to induce apoptosis of activated hepatocyte cells. This present review will go to balance the latest discoveries about mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies to treat liver fibrosis. All discoveries are in vivo experimentally proved and all studies with pre-clinical and clinical trials. Several studies suggest, in the world, that liver disease accounts for about 3-4% of death mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to reduce liver fibrosis and recover liver function.
Keywords: Cargos, Cell-Based Therapy, Extracellular Vesicles, Exosomes, Immunomodulatory Effects, Hepatic Stellate Cells, Liver Fibrosis, Stem Cells.
References
Abels, E. R., & Breakefield, X. O. (2016). Introduction to extracellular vesicles: biogenesis, RNA cargo selection, content, release, and uptake. Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 36, 301-312.
Al-Dhamin, Z., Liu, L. D., Li, D. D., Zhang, S. Y., Dong, S. M., & Nan, Y. M. (2020). Therapeutic efficiency of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for liver fibrosis: A systematic review of in vivo studies. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 26(47), 7444.
Bedford, D. C., Kasper, L. H., Fukuyama, T., & Brindle, P. K. (2010). Target gene context influences the transcriptional requirement for the KAT3 family of CBP and p300 histone acetyltransferases. Epigenetics, 5(1), 9-15.
Bility, M. T., Nio, K., Li, F., McGivern, D. R., Lemon, S. M., Feeney, E. R., & Su, L. (2016). Chronic hepatitis C infection–induced liver fibrogenesis is associated with M2 macrophage activation. Scientific reports, 6(1), 1-11.
Campbell, J. S., Hughes, S. D., Gilbertson, D. G., Palmer, T. E., Holdren, M. S., Haran, A. C., … & Fausto, N. (2005). Platelet-derived growth factor C induces liver fibrosis, steatosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(9), 3389-3394.
Cao, Y., Ji, C., & Lu, L. (2020). Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. Annals of translational medicine, 8(8).
Driscoll, J., & Patel, T. (2019). The mesenchymal stem cell secretome as an acellular regenerative therapy for liver disease. Journal of gastroenterology, 54, 763-773.
Dubey, N. K., Mishra, V. K., Dubey, R., Deng, Y. H., Tsai, F. C., & Deng, W. P. (2018). Revisiting the advances in isolation, characterization and secretome of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells. International journal of molecular sciences, 19(8), 2200.
Eom, Y. W., Shim, K. Y., & Baik, S. K. (2015). Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for liver fibrosis. The Korean journal of internal medicine, 30(5), 580.
Gao, B., & Radaeva, S. (2013). Natural killer and natural killer T cells in liver fibrosis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease, 1832(7), 1061-1069.
Milosavljevic, N., Gazdic Jankovic, M., & Markovic, B. (2017). Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate acute liver injury by altering the ratio between IL-17 producing and regulatory NKT cells. Liver Transpl, 23, 1040-50. http://doi.org/10.3727/096368912X652959.
Jiang, W., Tan, Y., Cai, M., Zhao, T., Mao, F., Zhang, X., & Yan, Y. (2018). Human umbilical cord MSC-derived exosomes suppress the development of CCl4-induced liver injury through antioxidant effect. Stem cells international, 6079642.
Jin, H. J., Bae, Y. K., & Kim, M. (2013). Comparative analysis of human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord blood as sources of cell therapy. Int J Mol Sci, 14, 17986-8001.
Lee, C. G., Homer, R. J., Zhu, Z., Lanone, S., Wang, X., Koteliansky, V., & Elias, J. A. (2001). Interleukin-13 induces tissue fibrosis by selectively stimulating and activating transforming growth factor β1. The Journal of experimental medicine, 194(6), 809-822.
Lim, J. Y., Ryu, D. B., Lee, S. E., Park, G., & Min, C. K. (2017). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attenuate cutaneous sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease (Scl-GVHD) through inhibition of immune cell infiltration in a mouse model. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 137(9), 1895-1904.
Liu, Y., Lou, G., Li, A., Zhang, T., Qi, J., Ye, D., & Chen, Z. (2018). AMSC-derived exosomes alleviate lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-induced acute liver failure by miR-17-mediated reduction of TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. EBioMedicine, 36, 140-150.
Lotfinia, M., Kadivar, M., Piryaei, A., Pournasr, B., Sardari, S., Sodeifi, N., & Baharvand, H. (2016). Effect of secreted molecules of human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells on acute hepatic failure model. Stem cells and development, 25(24), 1898-1908.
Malgieri, A., Kantzari, E., Patrizi, M. P., & Gambardella, S. (2010). Bone marrow and umbilical cord blood human mesenchymal stem cells: state of the art. International journal of clinical and experimental medicine, 3(4), 248.
Nishikawa, K., Osawa, Y., & Kimura, K. (2018). Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a potential target for the treatment of liver cirrhosis using antifibrotic drugs. International journal of molecular sciences, 19(10), 3103.
Qu, Y., Zhang, Q., Cai, X., Li, F., Ma, Z., Xu, M., & Lu, L. (2017). Exosomes derived from miR‐181‐5p‐modified adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells prevent liver fibrosis via autophagy activation. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 21(10), 2491-2502.
Robinson, M. W., Harmon, C., & O’Farrelly, C. (2016). Liver immunology and its role in inflammation and homeostasis. Cellular & molecular immunology, 13(3), 267-276.
Tzavlaki, K., & Moustakas, A. (2020). TGF-β Signaling. Biomolecules, 10(3), 487.
Van Hoeven, V., Munneke, J. M., Cornelissen, A. S., Omar, S. Z., Spruit, M. J., Kleijer, M., & Hazenberg, M. D. (2018). Mesenchymal stromal cells stimulate the proliferation and IL-22 production of group 3 innate lymphoid cells. The Journal of Immunology, 201(4), 1165-1173.
Viñas, O., Bataller, R., Sancho-Bru, P., Ginès, P., Berenguer, C., Enrich, C., & Rodés, J. (2003). Human hepatic stellate cells show features of antigen-presenting cells and stimulate lymphocyte proliferation. Hepatology, 38(4), 919-929.
Xagorari, A., Siotou, E., Yiangou, M., Tsolaki, E., Bougiouklis, D., Sakkas, L., & Anagnostopoulos, A. (2013). Protective effect of mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium on hepatic cell apoptosis after acute liver injury. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology, 6(5), 831
How to cite this article
Sarkar, D. and Ahamed, S. M. (2023). Mesenchymal stem cells have a crucial role in liver fibrosis treatment: An overview. Science Archives, Vol. 4(2), 92-98, https://doi.org/10.47587/SA.2023.4204
License Article Metadata
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
