Aseel Ahmed Mustafa
, Ansam Hussein Ali , Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa
, Marwan Q.AL-Samarraie
1-Ministry of Education , Salahdin Section
2 –Department of Pathological Analysis, AL-Dour Technical Institute, Northern Technical University, Iraq
3-Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Applied Sciences, University of Samarra, Iraq
4-Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Technology, University of Imam Jafar Al-Sadiq Dujail
mohammed.alsad3@gmail.com, marwan.walady@uosmarra.edu.iq
Article History: Received: Nov 14, 2020 / Revised: Dec 19, 2020/ Accepted: Dec 25, 2020
Abstract
Possibility of pregnancy within one year of sexual encounter and contraceptive use. Infertility is classified into two basic types: sterility, which means that there is no possibility of pregnancy at all. Relative infertility or sub-fertility, which means there is an obstacle that prevents pregnancy that should be treated and divides relative infertility into three types, namely primary infertility, secondary infertility, and unexplained infertility. Factors causing infertility associated with females are responsible for (50-40%) of cases, while other factors are attributed to husbands in addition to common causes among females. And males, as well as unexplained causes of infertility. There are multiple reasons causing infertility, including hormonal, hereditary, infectious, anatomical, environmental, etc., these factors have variable affects. The psychological causes of infertility are of great importance as researches have proved that there are many psychological factors that cause women’s infertility such as failure of sexual intercourse or to the inability to produce an egg. Failure to fertilize within one year does not mean the women’s failure to conceive after this period, since (15-50%) of wives get pregnant after the first year of marriage, and the failure to conceive before the passage of the first year of marriage is not a mark of sterility, so after the first month the pregnancy possibility is (15 -20%) and after the sixth month it is (50-70%), but after the passage of the year, it is (80-90%).
Keywords Sterility, Uterus, Ovaries, Hormonal control, Disorders of the Pituitary Gland
How to cite this article
Mustafa, A. A., Ali, A. H., Mustafa, M. A. and Q.AL-Samarraie, M. (2020). Physiological and hormonal study of women infertility. Science Archives, 1 (3), 160-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.47587/SA.2020.1314
Crossref DOI
http://dx.doi.org/10.47587/SA.2020.1314
References
Abbas , A ., Idris, E. M. & Malik , A . S. (2002). Dietary fibers and chronic renal failure . J.Fac. Med. (Baghdad),44(2),326-333.
ACOG. (2002). Committee, O. P. B. G. (2002). ACOG practice bulletin# 34. management of infertility caused by ovulatory dysfunction. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 99(2), 347-365.
Adams, S., Green, P., Claxton, R., Simcox, S., Williams, M. V., Walsh, K., & Leeuwenburgh, C. (2001). Reactive carbonyl formation by oxidative and non-oxidative pathways. Front Biosci, 6, A17-A24.
Adegoke, O. A. Bamigbowu, E.O., Ayodele, M.B.O. and Emesibe, S.C. (2007). Serum follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels in primary and secondary infertile women in Port Harcourt. Nigerian J. Bio., 3(4),19-21.
Adils , S.D. & Dhia , J.(1991). Lipid Profile studying subjects and patient with 1.H.b. Med., Baghdad , 33(3), 337-342.
Agarwal, A., & Allamaneni, S. S. (2004). Role of free radicals in female reproductive diseases and assisted reproduction. Reproductive biomedicine online, 9(3), 338-347.
Agarwal, A., & Allamaneni, S. S. (2004). Role of free radicals in female reproductive diseases and assisted reproduction. Reproductive biomedicine online, 9(3), 338-347.
Agarwal, A., Gupta, S., & Sharma, R. (2005). Oxidative stress and its implications in female infertility–a clinician’s perspective. Reproductive biomedicine online, 11(5), 641-650.
Agarwal, A., Gupta, S., & Sharma, R. K. (2005). Role of oxidative stress in female reproduction. Reproductive biology and endocrinology, 3(1), 28.
AL- Mukhatar, Naseer Jawad Hamad. (2006). Physiological and Immunological Studies for Human Infertile Couples. Ph.D. Thesis, Coll. Sci. Univ. Babylon, Iraq.
AL- Omary, H. L. S. (2007). Study of the role of inhibin in the management of infertile polycystic ovary patients . Athesis submitted to the collage of Medicine , University of Baghdad for Ph.D. Degree in Human Reproductive physiology
AL- Zebari, F.Y. (2006). The Serum Prolactin, Glucose and Lipid Profile in Women with Hyperprolactinemia on Bromocriptine Therapy. Athesis submitted to the collage of medicine , University of Mosul . for the Degree of Master of Science in Pharmacology.
Aldo Pinchera. (2001). The anterior Pitutary. Endocrinology and Metabolism 3th ed. Philadelphia, WB Sauders Co, pp 290-305.
Aldolescent Medicine .(2000). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) . Vanderbilt Medical Center . Retrieved May. (2000).fromwww.mc. Vanderbilt . Edu/peds/pid1/adolesc/polcysov.
Alford, F. P., Henriksen, J. E., Rantzau, C., Vaag, A., Hew, L. F., Ward, G. M., & Beck-Nielsen, H. (1998). Impact of family history of diabetes on the assessment of β-cell function. Metabolism, 47(5), 522-528.
Al-Hadidi, A. A. (2003). Estimation of serum testosterone and some biochemical parameters in infertile women’s serum. Msc. of physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tikrit.
Al-Hilli, N. M., & Al-Shalah, H. H. (2010). Procalcitonin as a Mediator of Chronic Inflammation in Obese Women with PCOS. Medical Journal of Babylon, 7(3-4), 505-510.
AL-Mawajdeh I .E., (2011). Correlation of Thyroid Hormones, Gonadotropins and Age in Infertile Women in the South of Jordan. European Journal of Scientific Research. Vol.63 (2) , pp.219-230.
AL-Wa’eli, A.H. (2000). Effect of hyperprolactinemia on human sperm production and function in infertile patients. M.Sc. Thesis, Coll. Sci. Univ. Baghdad, Iraq.
American Society for Reproductive Medicine (2008).Fact sheet side effects of Stress and Infertility.Higway , Birmingham Al abama 35216- 2809 . WWW.asrm .org .
Andreoli, T. E., Carpenter, J., & Griggs, R. C. (2001). Cecil essentials of medicine: disorder of lipid metabolism. Herbert PN Philadelphia WB Saunders Company. London, Tornto, 16, 526-532.
Annest, J. L., Pirkle, J. L., Makuc, D., Neese, J. W., Bayse, D. D., & Kovar, M. G. (1983). Chronological trend in blood lead levels between 1976 and 1980. New England Journal of Medicine, 308(23), 1373-1377.
Asano,N. Manabe, T. Yoshimura, T. Ohshio, G. and Lmanishi, K. (1991). Role of free radical scavengers in pancreatic carcinomas of hamsters. Nippon Geka Hokan, 60(6),387-395.
ASRM (2003). Patient fact sheet ,smoking and infertility. Higway, Birmingham Al abama 35216- 2809 . WWW.asrm .org.
ASRM . (2005) . Patient fact sheet side effects of gonadotropins. Higway, Birmingham Alabama 35216-2809 . WWW.asrm .org.
ASRM. (2004). Pregnancy losses Due to chromosomal Defects significantly Increase with Advancing Age for IFV Moms. Fertil. Serit , 81(3),1-5.
ASRM. (2007). Patient fact sheet, Hyperprolactinemia. higway, Birmingham Al abama 35216- 2809 . WWW.asrm .org.
Atalay, M. and Elaksonen, D. E. (2002). Diabetes oxidative stress and physical exercise .J. of .Sports Science and Med. 1,1-14.
Badimon, J. J., Badimon, L., & Fuster, V. (1990). Regression of atherosclerotic lesions by high density lipoprotein plasma fraction in the cholesterol-fed rabbit. The Journal of clinical investigation, 85(4), 1234-1241.
Badizadegam, (2003). Cell injury, adaptation and death. Harvard MIT Division of Health Science and Techonology, HST . 035.
Balasch, J. (2000). Investigation of the infertility couple .Hum. Reprod 15:2251_2257.
Baptiste CG., Battista MC, Trottier A. (2010). Insulin &hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. steroid BiochemMolBiol 122(1-3),42-52.
Blackburn, G. L., Phillips, J. C. C., & Morreale, S. (2001). Physician’s guide to popular low-carbohydrate weight-loss diets. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 68(9), 761-774.
Ebbiary, N. A., Lenton, E. A., & Cooke, I. D. (1994). Hypothalamic‐pituitary ageing: progressive increase in FSH and LH concentrations throughout the reproductive life in regularly menstruating women. Clinical Endocrinology, 41(2), 199-206.
Felemban, A., Tan, S. L., & Tulandi, T. (2000). Laparoscopic treatment of polycystic ovaries with insulated needle cautery: a reappraisal. Fertility and sterility, 73(2), 266-269.
Mustafa, M. A., & AL-Samarraie, M. Q. (2020). Secondary menopause and its relationship to hormonal levels among women at salah al-din hospital. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(09)\
Mustafa, M.A., AL-Samarraie M.Q., Ahmed M. T. (2020). Molecular techniques of viral diagnosis, Science Archives, 1(3), 89-92.
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
