Archana Bisht, Rudrangshu Chatterjee, Amita G. Dimri, Dushyant Singh, Arti Mishra, Abhishek Chauhan and Tanu Jindal 

1-Deaprtment of Microbiology, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, 19, University Road, Delhi-11007

2-AIETSM and AIES, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

3-AIMT, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

akchauhan@amity.edu; archanabisht999@gmail.com

Received Date: April 19, 2020 / Accepted Date: June 24, 2020 / Published Date: June 29, 2020

Abstract:

The current study was conducted to assess the household drinking water supply of Noida, Delhi NCR in which microbiological parameters were considered. Noida is located in Delhi NCR region in India and is home for many industries and new construction projects. It is located in flood plains of Yamuna and Hindon River. For examination total 60 samples were collected from different sectors of Noida households. The study included total bacterial count, yeast and mould detection, amount of Coliform, presence of E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Samples showed TBC from <1 to 104 cfu/ml range. None of the samples were detected for yeast and mould presence. The frequency of E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was found to be 23.33%, 36.66 and 13.33%. Out of 60 samples, 22 samples have Total Bacterial Count less than 1. Though the smaller number of bacterial pathogens was found but presence of significant amount in drinking water is harmful. These pathogens lead to gastrointestinal disease out of which diarrhea is most common. The data suggested that the water supply system is contaminated with faecal matter as the presence of coliforms was observed.

Keywords

Opportunistic Bacterial pathogens, Risk assessment, and Drinking water

How to cite this article:          

Bisht, A., Chatterjee, R., Dimri, A.G., Singh, D. Mishra, A, Chauhan, A., Jindal T. (2020) Risk assessment of opportunistic bacterial pathogens in household drinking water Science Archives, Vol. 1 (1), 42-49

Crossref DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.47587/SA.2020.1105

Copyright

This is an open-access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

References 

Adane, M., Mengistie, B., Medhin, G., Kloos, H., & Mulat, W. (2017). Piped water supply interruptions and acute diarrhea among under-five children in Addis Ababa slums, Ethiopia: A matched case-control study. PloS one, 12(7), e0181516.

Ambili M, Sebastian D. Assessment of bacteriological quality of drinking water from North Kerala, India. Biosci.Biotech.Res.Comm. 2019;12(2).

Babič, M. N., Gostinčar, C., & Gunde-Cimerman, N. (2020). Microorganisms populating the water-related indoor biome. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1-20.

Baltch, A. L., & Smith, R. P. (1994). Pseudomonas aeruginosa: infections and treatment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: infections and treatment., (12).

Bitton, G. (2014). Microbiology of drinking water production and distribution. John Wiley & Sons Inc.,

Carra, I., Sánchez Pérez, J. A.,Malato, S., Autin, O., Jefferson, B., & Jarvis, P. (2016). Performance of different advanced oxidation processes for tertiary wastewater treatment to remove the pesticide acetamiprid. Journal of Chemical Technology& Biotechnology, 91(1), 72–81.

Chauhan, A. and Goyal, P. (2013). Isolation and Identification of Escherichia coli from various foodstuffs and their resistance against clinically significant antibiotics, J. Advance in Biology, 2, 45-53

Chauhan, A., Goyal, P., Varma, A., & Jindal, T. (2017). Microbiological evaluation of drinking water sold by roadside vendors of Delhi, India. Applied Water Science, 7(4), 1635-1644.

Chauhan, A., Bharti PK, Goyal, P., Verma, A and Jindal, T (2015). Psychrophilic pseudomonas in antarctic freshwater lake at stornes peninsula, larsemann hills over east Antarctica,SpringerPlus,4:582.

Chauhan, A., Garg, S., Ranjan A, et al. Prevalence of microbial contamination of mobile cell phones in general population of Delhi, India. J Exp Clin Microbiol 2018; 1(1):12-15.

Chauhan, A., Goyal, P., Verma, A and Jindal, T (2015) In -Vitro Antibiotic Resistance and Heavy Metal Tolerance Patterns of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated From Effluent Treated Water of Delhi, India. Journal of Current Pharma Research 5 (2),1449-1458.

Chowdhury, S. (2012). Heterotrophic bacteria in drinking water distribution system: a review. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 184(10), 6087-6137.

Craun, G. F. (1988). Surface water supplies and health. Journal‐American Water Works Association, 80(2), 40-52.

Crump, J. A., Sjölund-Karlsson, M., Gordon, M. A., & Parry, C. M. (2015). Epidemiology, clinical presentation, laboratory diagnosis, antimicrobial resistance, and antimicrobial management of invasive Salmonella infections. Clinical microbiology reviews, 28(4), 901-937.

Feleke, H., Medhin, G., Kloos, H., Gangathulasi, J., & Asrat, D. (2018). Household-stored drinking water quality among households of under-five children with and without acute diarrhea in towns of Wegera District, in North Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 190(11), 669.

Gerecke, A. C., Schärer, M., Singer, H. P., Müller, S. R., Schwarzenbach, R. P., Sägesser, M., … & Popow, G. (2002). Sources of pesticides in surface waters in Switzerland: pesticide load through wastewater treatment plants––current situation and reduction potential. Chemosphere, 48(3), 307-315.

Ghazanfar, H., Saleem, S., Naseem, S., Ghazanfar, A., & Khattak, U. K. (2017). Safe drinking water and sanitary measures: A cross-sectional study in peri-urban community of Islamabad. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 67(2), 220-224.

Goyal, P., Chauhan, A., Aggarwal, M.L. and Chacko, K.M (2012) Microbiological aspects of Water: Key Criteria of Quality. Current Research in Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1(1), 57-66.

IS 5403 (1999) Reaff: 2005. Method for yeast and mould count of foodstuffs and animal feeds

IS 5402 (2002) Reaff: 2007. Microbiology- general guidance for the enumeration of microorganism’s colony cont technique at 300 C

IS 5887 (Pt-1) (1976) Reaff: 2005. Isolation, identification and enumeration of Escherichia coli

IS 5887 (Pt-2) (1976) Reaff: 2005 isolation, identification and enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus and Faecal streptococci

Ingerson-Mahar, M., & Reid, A. (2013). Microbes in pipes: the microbiology of the water distribution system.

Kayembe, J. M., Thevenon, F., Laffite, A., Sivalingam, P., Ngelinkoto, P., Mulaji, C. K., … & Poté, J. (2018). High levels of faecal contamination in drinking groundwater and recreational water due to poor sanitation, in the sub-rural neighbourhoods of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 221(3), 400-408.

Krewski, D., Balbus, J., Butler-Jones, D., Haas, C., Isaac-Renton, J., Roberts, K. J., & Sinclair, M. (2002). Managing health risks from drinking water–a report to the Walkerton inquiry. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A, 65(21), 1635-1823.

Leclerc, H., Schwartzbrod, L., & Dei-Cas, E. (2002). Microbial agents associated with waterborne diseases. Critical reviews in microbiology, 28(4), 371-409.

Masalha, M., Borovok, I., Schreiber, R., Aharonowitz, Y., & Cohen, G. (2001). Analysis of Transcription of the Staphylococcus aureus Aerobic Class Ib and Anaerobic Class III Ribonucleotide Reductase Genes in Response to Oxygen. Journal of Bacteriology, 183(24), 7260-7272.

Medema, G. J., Payment, P., Dufour, A., Robertson, W., Waite, M., Hunter, P., … & Andersson, Y. (2003). Safe drinking water: an ongoing challenge. Assessing Microbial Safety of Drinking Water, 11.

Murphy, J. L., Kahler, A. M., Nansubuga, I., Nanyunja, E. M., Kaplan, B., Jothikumar, N., … & Hill, V. R. (2017). Environmental survey of drinking water sources in Kampala, Uganda, during a typhoid fever outbreak. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 83(23).

Nwachcuku, N., & Gerba, C. P. (2004). Emerging waterborne pathogens: can we kill them all?. Current opinion in biotechnology, 15(3), 175-180.

Pandey, P. K., Kass, P. H., Soupir, M. L., Biswas, S., & Singh, V. P. (2014). Contamination of water resources by pathogenic bacteria. Amb Express, 4(1), 51.

Pujari, P. R., Nanoti, M., Nitnaware, V. C., Khare, L. A., Thacker, N. P., & Kelkar, P. S. (2007). Effect of on-site sanitation on groundwater contamination in basaltic environment’A case study from India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 134(1-3), 271.

Radhi, A. A., & Borghei, M. (2017). Evaluation of TOC, COD, Coliform, Fecal coliform removal efficiency use by sand filter for “Sorkheh Hesar Canal” water.”. International Journal of Computation and Applied Sciences IJOCAAS, Volume3, (1).

Suthar, S., Chhimpa, V., & Singh, S. (2009). Bacterial contamination in drinking water: a case study in rural areas of northern Rajasthan, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 159(1-4), 43.

Symons, G. E. (2006). Water treatment through the ages. Journal‐American Water Works Association, 98(3), 87-98.

Usman, M. A., Gerber, N., & Pangaribowo, E. H. (2018). Drivers of microbiological quality of household drinking water–a case study in rural Ethiopia. Journal of water and health, 16(2), 275-288.

WHO/UNICEF Joint Water Supply, Sanitation Monitoring Programme, & World Health Organization. (2015). Progress on sanitation and drinking water: 2015 update and MDG assessment. World Health Organization.

World Health Organization (WHO). Water Sanitation and Health. (2015). Available online: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/diseases (assessed on 17 February 2015).

World Health Organization. (2017). Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: 2017 update and SDG baselines.

Zhou, X., Zhang, K., Zhang, T., Li, C., & Mao, X. (2017). An ignored and potential source of taste and odor (T&O) issues—biofilms in drinking water distribution system (DWDS). Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 101(9), 3537-3550.

View Details